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1st Sem Hotel Engg. Notes

Equipment Replacement Policy

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Last updated: 4 July 2023

Equipment Replacement Policy

Introduction

Equipments, plants, and machinery are very important for achieving guest satisfaction.
A substantial part of the investment in the hotel industry is in its physical plants.
At times it is more economical to replace equipments before it completely breaks down.

Equipments / Items / Machinery / Plants replacement is categorized as:

  • Equipments which gradually deteriorate due to wear and tear.
  • Equipments which fail suddenly without any warning.

FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR REPLACEMENT OF EQUIPMENT’S

1. Demand for more number of equipments:
This situation arises when the existing number of a particular type of equipment cannot meet the full demand of the hotel.
Eg: A bigger DG Set is to be installed as the small DG sets installed earlier cannot meet the full demand and there is no physical space for an additional DG set. Hence the only option is to go in for a bigger DG set.

2. Excessive and frequent maintenance:
When the equipment and devices become old, they need frequent maintenance.
The frequency of maintenance becomes more and more with the passage of time and more money is spent.
Sometimes non availability  of spare parts makes maintenance impossible.
In such situations, replacement becomes the only option.

3. Advanced Technology
Technological advancement is a continuous process and in a short span, we get improved version of the equipment with new technology.
Latest technology equipments become an added attraction for guests and customers.
Hotels also replace equipments to remain in business competition.

4. Decreasing Efficiency
Sometimes with time, old equipments do not give the required efficiency.
No amount of maintenance work helps to improve their efficiency.

5. Due to failure
Some equipments breakdown all of a sudden.

6. To maintain symmetry
Some equipment needs to be replaced to maintain the symmetry.


GROUP REPLACEMENT

  • There are certain categories of equipment that normally do not require maintenance activities while in service.
  • During their lifetime, they operate and give service more or less to the design level and then fail suddenly.
  • Eg: Electric lamps, MCB’s, sensors, detectors, washers, valves, etc.

ADVANTAGES OF GROUP REPLACEMENT

  • Reduced replacement cost per unit.
  • Safeguards the goodwill of the property.
  • Discounts are available when units are purchased in bulk for group replacement.


CONCLUSION
Equipment replacement is, thus, a vital decision in the hospitality industry.
The decision of replacement is usually taken by the maintenance department in consultation with the finance department.
It involves a lot of considerations.
In the case of high-value capital items the final decision is taken by the management.

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Syllabus BHM106

01 Maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. Preventive and breakdown maintenance, comparisons
  3. Role & Importance of maintenance department in the hotel industry with emphasis on its relation with other departments of the hotel.
  4. Organization chart of maintenance department, duties and responsibilities of maintenance department

02 Fuels used in the catering industry

  1. Introduction
  2. Types of fuel used in catering industry; calorific value; comparative study of different fuels
  3. Calculation of amount of fuel required and cost.

03 Gas

  1. Introduction
  2. Heat terms and units; method of transfer
  3. LPG and its properties; principles of Bunsen burner, precautions to be taken while handling gas; low and high-pressure burners and their corresponding heat output
  4. Gas bank, location, different types of manifolds

04 Electricity

  1. Introduction
  2. Fundamentals of electricity, insulators, conductors, current, potential difference resistance, power, energy concepts; definitions, their units and relationships, AC and DC; single phase and three phases and its importance on equipment specifications
  3. Electric circuits, open circuits and close circuits, symbols of circuit elements, series and parallel connections, short circuits, fuses; MCB, earthing, the reason for placing switches on the live wire side.
  4. Electric wires and types of wiring
  5. Calculation of electric energy consumption of equipment, and safety precautions to be observed while using electric appliances.
  6. Types of lighting, different lighting devices, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, other gas-discharged lamps, illumination, and units of illumination.
  7. External lighting
  8. Safety in handling electrical equipment

05 Water systems

  1. Introduction
  2. Water distribution system in a hotel
  3. Cold water systems in India
  4. Hardness of water, water softening, base exchange method
  5. Cold water cistern swimming pools
  6. Hot water supply system in hotels
  7. Flushing system, water taps, traps and closets.

06 Refrigeration & Air-conditioning

  1. Basic principles, latent heat, boiling point and its dependence on pressure, vapour compressor system of refrigeration and refrigerants.
  2. Vapour absorption system, care and maintenance of refrigerators, defrosting, types of refrigerant units, their care and maintenance.
  3. Conditions for comfort, relative humidity, humidification, dehumidifying, due point control, unit of air conditioning
  4. Window type air conditioner, central air conditioning, preventive maintenance
  5. Vertical transportation, elevators, escalators

07 Fire prevention and fire fighting system

  1. Classes of fire, methods of extinguishing fires (Demonstration)
  2.  Fire extinguishers, portable and stationery
  3.  Fire detectors and alarm
  4. Automatic fire detectors cum extinguishing devices
  5. Structural protection
  6. Legal requirements

08 Waste disposal and pollution control

  1. Solid and liquid waste, sullage and sewage, disposal of solid waste
  2.  Sewage treatment
  3. Pollution related to the hotel industry
  4. Water pollution, sewage pollution
  5. Air pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution
  6. Legal Requirements

09 Safety

  1. Accident prevention
  2. Slips and falls
  3. Other safety topics

10 Security

11 Equipment replacement policy

  1. Introduction
  2. Circumstances under which equipment are replaced.
  3. Replacement policy of items which gradually deteriorates
  4. Replacement when the average annual cost is minimum
  5. Replacement when the present cost is minimum
  6. The economic replacement cycle for suddenly failing equipment

12 Audio-visual equipment

  1. Various audio-visual equipment used in hotel
  2. Care and cleaning of an overhead projector, slide projector, LCD and PowerPoint presentation units
  3. Maintenance of computers
  4. Care and cleaning of PC, CPU, Modem, UPS, Printer, Laptops
  5. Sensors – Various sensors used in different locations of a hotel – type, uses and cost-effectiveness

13 Contract maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. The necessity of contract maintenance, advantages and disadvantages of contract maintenance
  3. Essential requirements of a contract, types of contract, their comparative advantages and disadvantages.
  4. Procedure for inviting and processing tenders, negotiating and finalizing