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1st Sem Hotel Engg. Notes

Introduction to Water Systems: Understanding Water Distribution, Softening, and Hot Water Supply in Hotels

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Last updated: 4 July 2023

Water systems are a crucial part of hotel engineering, ensuring that guests have access to clean and safe water throughout their stay. From the water distribution system to hot water supply and softening, this blog provides an in-depth overview of water systems in hotels.

Water Distribution System in a Hotel

A water distribution system in a hotel involves the transportation of water from the source to the point of use. The system consists of several components, including pipes, pumps, and storage tanks. The system must be designed and maintained correctly to ensure the safe and efficient distribution of water throughout the hotel.

Cold Water Systems in India

In India, cold water systems are usually supplied from municipal water sources or bore wells. The water is treated to remove impurities and ensure that it is safe for consumption. The water is then stored in a storage tank before being distributed to various points of use.

Hardness of Water, Water Softening, Base Exchange Method

Hard water is a common problem in many hotels. Hard water contains minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which can cause scaling and damage to pipes and equipment. Water softening is the process of removing these minerals to make the water softer. One of the most popular methods of water softening is the base exchange method, which involves replacing the calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions.

Cold Water Cistern Swimming Pools

Cold water cistern swimming pools are commonly found in hotels. These pools are typically located on the rooftop and are filled with cold water that is supplied from the hotel’s water distribution system. The water is treated and filtered to ensure that it is safe for swimming.

Hot Water Supply System in Hotels

Hot water supply is essential for guest comfort in hotels. The hot water supply system consists of several components, including a water heater, circulation pumps, and distribution pipes. The system must be designed and maintained correctly to ensure a constant supply of hot water throughout the hotel.

Flushing System, Water Taps, Traps, and Closets

The flushing system, water taps, traps, and closets are all essential components of a hotel’s water system. The flushing system ensures that waste is removed from the hotel, while water taps and traps ensure that water is supplied to the appropriate points of use. Closets, also known as toilets, are connected to the flushing system and are an essential component of any hotel’s water system.

Conclusion

Water systems are a critical component of hotel engineering. Understanding the water distribution system, cold water systems, hot water supply system, and flushing system, among others, is essential for hotel engineers. Proper maintenance and design of these systems are crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient distribution of water throughout the hotel.

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Syllabus BHM106

01 Maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. Preventive and breakdown maintenance, comparisons
  3. Role & Importance of maintenance department in the hotel industry with emphasis on its relation with other departments of the hotel.
  4. Organization chart of maintenance department, duties and responsibilities of maintenance department

02 Fuels used in the catering industry

  1. Introduction
  2. Types of fuel used in catering industry; calorific value; comparative study of different fuels
  3. Calculation of amount of fuel required and cost.

03 Gas

  1. Introduction
  2. Heat terms and units; method of transfer
  3. LPG and its properties; principles of Bunsen burner, precautions to be taken while handling gas; low and high-pressure burners and their corresponding heat output
  4. Gas bank, location, different types of manifolds

04 Electricity

  1. Introduction
  2. Fundamentals of electricity, insulators, conductors, current, potential difference resistance, power, energy concepts; definitions, their units and relationships, AC and DC; single phase and three phases and its importance on equipment specifications
  3. Electric circuits, open circuits and close circuits, symbols of circuit elements, series and parallel connections, short circuits, fuses; MCB, earthing, the reason for placing switches on the live wire side.
  4. Electric wires and types of wiring
  5. Calculation of electric energy consumption of equipment, and safety precautions to be observed while using electric appliances.
  6. Types of lighting, different lighting devices, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, other gas-discharged lamps, illumination, and units of illumination.
  7. External lighting
  8. Safety in handling electrical equipment

05 Water systems

  1. Introduction
  2. Water distribution system in a hotel
  3. Cold water systems in India
  4. Hardness of water, water softening, base exchange method
  5. Cold water cistern swimming pools
  6. Hot water supply system in hotels
  7. Flushing system, water taps, traps and closets.

06 Refrigeration & Air-conditioning

  1. Basic principles, latent heat, boiling point and its dependence on pressure, vapour compressor system of refrigeration and refrigerants.
  2. Vapour absorption system, care and maintenance of refrigerators, defrosting, types of refrigerant units, their care and maintenance.
  3. Conditions for comfort, relative humidity, humidification, dehumidifying, due point control, unit of air conditioning
  4. Window type air conditioner, central air conditioning, preventive maintenance
  5. Vertical transportation, elevators, escalators

07 Fire prevention and fire fighting system

  1. Classes of fire, methods of extinguishing fires (Demonstration)
  2.  Fire extinguishers, portable and stationery
  3.  Fire detectors and alarm
  4. Automatic fire detectors cum extinguishing devices
  5. Structural protection
  6. Legal requirements

08 Waste disposal and pollution control

  1. Solid and liquid waste, sullage and sewage, disposal of solid waste
  2.  Sewage treatment
  3. Pollution related to the hotel industry
  4. Water pollution, sewage pollution
  5. Air pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution
  6. Legal Requirements

09 Safety

  1. Accident prevention
  2. Slips and falls
  3. Other safety topics

10 Security

11 Equipment replacement policy

  1. Introduction
  2. Circumstances under which equipment are replaced.
  3. Replacement policy of items which gradually deteriorates
  4. Replacement when the average annual cost is minimum
  5. Replacement when the present cost is minimum
  6. The economic replacement cycle for suddenly failing equipment

12 Audio-visual equipment

  1. Various audio-visual equipment used in hotel
  2. Care and cleaning of an overhead projector, slide projector, LCD and PowerPoint presentation units
  3. Maintenance of computers
  4. Care and cleaning of PC, CPU, Modem, UPS, Printer, Laptops
  5. Sensors – Various sensors used in different locations of a hotel – type, uses and cost-effectiveness

13 Contract maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. The necessity of contract maintenance, advantages and disadvantages of contract maintenance
  3. Essential requirements of a contract, types of contract, their comparative advantages and disadvantages.
  4. Procedure for inviting and processing tenders, negotiating and finalizing