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1st Sem Hotel Engg. Notes

Electric Wires and Types of Wiring

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Last updated: 4 July 2023

Electric wires and types of wiring play a critical role in the electrical systems of hotels. Electric conductors can be categorized into two types: bare wire and insulated wire. Bare wires are used for overhead transmission and distribution of electric energy, while insulated wires and cables are used for indoor and underground connections.

There are several types of insulated wires, including lead-covered, vulcanized India rubber (VIR), tough rubber sheathed (TRS) or covered tough sheathed (CTS), polyvinyl chloride compound wire (PVC), weatherproof wires, flexible wire, and insulated cable wire.

Different types of wiring are suitable for different purposes.

Below are some of the most common wiring types used in hotels:

Cleat Wiring

This type of wiring is suitable for temporary wiring purposes, such as in marriage halls. The porcelain or wooden cleats are very easy to erect and are fixed at a distance of 4-5 m apart. VIR or PVC wires are normally used in this system of wiring. The number of grooves in the cleat depends on the number of wires intended to run side by side. This type of wiring can be installed very quickly, and the materials can be recovered for further use.

Wooden Batten Wiring

Wooden batten wiring is a method of electrical wiring commonly used in buildings, including hotels. This wiring method involves using wooden battens to carry electrical cables, and TRS or PVC wires are carried on the wooden batten using clips. Wooden batten wiring is a preferred method for temporary electrical connections, as it saves labor and installation costs.

Casing and Capping Wiring

Casing and capping wiring is a type of electrical installation where wires are run along the surface of a wall or ceiling and enclosed in a plastic or metal casing. The casing protects the wires from damage and provides a neat and tidy appearance. This is a popular option for older buildings where it may be difficult or expensive to install concealed wiring.

Lead Sheathed Wiring

Lead sheathed wiring is a type of electrical wiring that was commonly used in buildings built before the 1960s. It consists of a lead sheath that encases the electrical wires, this sheath is then wrapped in an insulating material, such as rubber and covered with a protective layer. Lead sheathed wiring was popular in the past because of its durability and resistance to fire and it provides a barrier that prevents electrical fires from spreading, and the rubber insulation provided an extra layer of protection.

Conduit Wiring

In this system, VIR and PVC wires are carried through steel or iron or PVC pipes. The conduits may be running over walls or may be concealed. Conduit type is considered the best wiring system. Metal conduit provides better protection and safety. However, whether metallic or non-metallic, conduit wiring is gaining preference as a wiring system.

Conclusion:

Understanding the different types of electric wires and wiring is essential for hotel engineers as it enables them to select the appropriate wiring for specific purposes. Different wiring types have different advantages and are suited to different situations. It is essential to choose the appropriate wiring type based on the usage and purpose of the electrical system. Regular maintenance and adherence to safety guidelines can prevent hazards and ensure the smooth functioning of the electrical system in hotels.

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Syllabus BHM106

01 Maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. Preventive and breakdown maintenance, comparisons
  3. Role & Importance of maintenance department in the hotel industry with emphasis on its relation with other departments of the hotel.
  4. Organization chart of maintenance department, duties and responsibilities of maintenance department

02 Fuels used in the catering industry

  1. Introduction
  2. Types of fuel used in catering industry; calorific value; comparative study of different fuels
  3. Calculation of amount of fuel required and cost.

03 Gas

  1. Introduction
  2. Heat terms and units; method of transfer
  3. LPG and its properties; principles of Bunsen burner, precautions to be taken while handling gas; low and high-pressure burners and their corresponding heat output
  4. Gas bank, location, different types of manifolds

04 Electricity

  1. Introduction
  2. Fundamentals of electricity, insulators, conductors, current, potential difference resistance, power, energy concepts; definitions, their units and relationships, AC and DC; single phase and three phases and its importance on equipment specifications
  3. Electric circuits, open circuits and close circuits, symbols of circuit elements, series and parallel connections, short circuits, fuses; MCB, earthing, the reason for placing switches on the live wire side.
  4. Electric wires and types of wiring
  5. Calculation of electric energy consumption of equipment, and safety precautions to be observed while using electric appliances.
  6. Types of lighting, different lighting devices, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, other gas-discharged lamps, illumination, and units of illumination.
  7. External lighting
  8. Safety in handling electrical equipment

05 Water systems

  1. Introduction
  2. Water distribution system in a hotel
  3. Cold water systems in India
  4. Hardness of water, water softening, base exchange method
  5. Cold water cistern swimming pools
  6. Hot water supply system in hotels
  7. Flushing system, water taps, traps and closets.

06 Refrigeration & Air-conditioning

  1. Basic principles, latent heat, boiling point and its dependence on pressure, vapour compressor system of refrigeration and refrigerants.
  2. Vapour absorption system, care and maintenance of refrigerators, defrosting, types of refrigerant units, their care and maintenance.
  3. Conditions for comfort, relative humidity, humidification, dehumidifying, due point control, unit of air conditioning
  4. Window type air conditioner, central air conditioning, preventive maintenance
  5. Vertical transportation, elevators, escalators

07 Fire prevention and fire fighting system

  1. Classes of fire, methods of extinguishing fires (Demonstration)
  2.  Fire extinguishers, portable and stationery
  3.  Fire detectors and alarm
  4. Automatic fire detectors cum extinguishing devices
  5. Structural protection
  6. Legal requirements

08 Waste disposal and pollution control

  1. Solid and liquid waste, sullage and sewage, disposal of solid waste
  2.  Sewage treatment
  3. Pollution related to the hotel industry
  4. Water pollution, sewage pollution
  5. Air pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution
  6. Legal Requirements

09 Safety

  1. Accident prevention
  2. Slips and falls
  3. Other safety topics

10 Security

11 Equipment replacement policy

  1. Introduction
  2. Circumstances under which equipment are replaced.
  3. Replacement policy of items which gradually deteriorates
  4. Replacement when the average annual cost is minimum
  5. Replacement when the present cost is minimum
  6. The economic replacement cycle for suddenly failing equipment

12 Audio-visual equipment

  1. Various audio-visual equipment used in hotel
  2. Care and cleaning of an overhead projector, slide projector, LCD and PowerPoint presentation units
  3. Maintenance of computers
  4. Care and cleaning of PC, CPU, Modem, UPS, Printer, Laptops
  5. Sensors – Various sensors used in different locations of a hotel – type, uses and cost-effectiveness

13 Contract maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. The necessity of contract maintenance, advantages and disadvantages of contract maintenance
  3. Essential requirements of a contract, types of contract, their comparative advantages and disadvantages.
  4. Procedure for inviting and processing tenders, negotiating and finalizing