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1st Sem Hotel Engg. Notes

Conditions for comfort, relative humidity, humidification, dehumidifying, due point control, unit of air conditioning

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Last updated: 4 July 2023

What is Air Conditioning?
Any type of conditioning of air which includes circulating air in a room, filtering air, cooling or heating air, humidifying or dehumidifying the air.
Complete air conditioning would mean all such processes being carried on the air.
The refrigeration plant is necessary for such an air – conditioning system.

Terminologies used in Air Conditioning

  • Psychrometry – The study and measurement of the properties of air and water vapor mixture are known as psychrometry.
  • Dry Air – Atmospheric air consisting of a mixture of gases excluding its water vapor content is known as dry air.
  • Moisture – The water vapor contained in air is called moisture.
  • Moist Air – Atmospheric air along with gases and water vapor is known as moist air.
  • Unsaturated Air – The moist air which does not contain the maximum amount of water vapor that it can hold at a given temperature is known as unsaturated air.
  • Saturated Air – The mist air which contains the maximum amount of water vapor that it can hold at a given temperature, is known as saturated air.
  • Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) – The reading of the temperature of air given by an ordinary mercury thermometer, having its bulb dry and not under the sun or other heat-radiating objects.
  • Dew Point Temperature (DPT) – At atmospheric temperature atmospheric air always contains water in the form of vapors. If this air is cooled down, the water vapor is turned into water droplets. This temperature at which the water vapors turns into water droplets is called dew point temperature.
  • Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) – Temperature of air indicated by a mercury thermometer whose bulb is covered by a piece of wet muslin is known as wet-bulb temperature.
  • Specific Humidity (SH) –  It is defined as the total quantity of water vapor in the moist air.
  • Relative Humidity (RH) – it is defined as the ratio of actual moist air content of a given volume at a particular temperature to the maximum amount of water vapor if the air is saturated at the same temperature.

 

PRINCIPLES OF AIR-CONDITIONING

The goal is to keep it more comfortable inside the house than it is outside.

Conditions for comfort, relative humidity, humidification, dehumidifying, due point control, unit of air conditioning 1

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Syllabus BHM106

01 Maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. Preventive and breakdown maintenance, comparisons
  3. Role & Importance of maintenance department in the hotel industry with emphasis on its relation with other departments of the hotel.
  4. Organization chart of maintenance department, duties and responsibilities of maintenance department

02 Fuels used in the catering industry

  1. Introduction
  2. Types of fuel used in catering industry; calorific value; comparative study of different fuels
  3. Calculation of amount of fuel required and cost.

03 Gas

  1. Introduction
  2. Heat terms and units; method of transfer
  3. LPG and its properties; principles of Bunsen burner, precautions to be taken while handling gas; low and high-pressure burners and their corresponding heat output
  4. Gas bank, location, different types of manifolds

04 Electricity

  1. Introduction
  2. Fundamentals of electricity, insulators, conductors, current, potential difference resistance, power, energy concepts; definitions, their units and relationships, AC and DC; single phase and three phases and its importance on equipment specifications
  3. Electric circuits, open circuits and close circuits, symbols of circuit elements, series and parallel connections, short circuits, fuses; MCB, earthing, the reason for placing switches on the live wire side.
  4. Electric wires and types of wiring
  5. Calculation of electric energy consumption of equipment, and safety precautions to be observed while using electric appliances.
  6. Types of lighting, different lighting devices, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, other gas-discharged lamps, illumination, and units of illumination.
  7. External lighting
  8. Safety in handling electrical equipment

05 Water systems

  1. Introduction
  2. Water distribution system in a hotel
  3. Cold water systems in India
  4. Hardness of water, water softening, base exchange method
  5. Cold water cistern swimming pools
  6. Hot water supply system in hotels
  7. Flushing system, water taps, traps and closets.

06 Refrigeration & Air-conditioning

  1. Basic principles, latent heat, boiling point and its dependence on pressure, vapour compressor system of refrigeration and refrigerants.
  2. Vapour absorption system, care and maintenance of refrigerators, defrosting, types of refrigerant units, their care and maintenance.
  3. Conditions for comfort, relative humidity, humidification, dehumidifying, due point control, unit of air conditioning
  4. Window type air conditioner, central air conditioning, preventive maintenance
  5. Vertical transportation, elevators, escalators

07 Fire prevention and fire fighting system

  1. Classes of fire, methods of extinguishing fires (Demonstration)
  2.  Fire extinguishers, portable and stationery
  3.  Fire detectors and alarm
  4. Automatic fire detectors cum extinguishing devices
  5. Structural protection
  6. Legal requirements

08 Waste disposal and pollution control

  1. Solid and liquid waste, sullage and sewage, disposal of solid waste
  2.  Sewage treatment
  3. Pollution related to the hotel industry
  4. Water pollution, sewage pollution
  5. Air pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution
  6. Legal Requirements

09 Safety

  1. Accident prevention
  2. Slips and falls
  3. Other safety topics

10 Security

11 Equipment replacement policy

  1. Introduction
  2. Circumstances under which equipment are replaced.
  3. Replacement policy of items which gradually deteriorates
  4. Replacement when the average annual cost is minimum
  5. Replacement when the present cost is minimum
  6. The economic replacement cycle for suddenly failing equipment

12 Audio-visual equipment

  1. Various audio-visual equipment used in hotel
  2. Care and cleaning of an overhead projector, slide projector, LCD and PowerPoint presentation units
  3. Maintenance of computers
  4. Care and cleaning of PC, CPU, Modem, UPS, Printer, Laptops
  5. Sensors – Various sensors used in different locations of a hotel – type, uses and cost-effectiveness

13 Contract maintenance

  1. Introduction
  2. The necessity of contract maintenance, advantages and disadvantages of contract maintenance
  3. Essential requirements of a contract, types of contract, their comparative advantages and disadvantages.
  4. Procedure for inviting and processing tenders, negotiating and finalizing