Backward Integration Backward integration is a form of vertical integration in which a company expands its role to fulfill tasks formerly completed by businesses up the supply chain. In other words, backward integration is when a company buys another company that...
The Food and Wine combinations that most of us grew up with were the “Red wine with beef” and “White wine with fish or poultry” rules. Since then, we've heard "any wine as long as you like it". A person can differentiate (on average) about 9,000 different aromas. ...
There are two types of the emulsion, O/W emulsion or oil droplets in water, which can be found in ice cream and or milk, and W/O emulsion or water droplets in oil, found in butter and margarine. 1) Oil in water or O/W Let’s start with the discussion of oil dispersed...
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems: (VARS) belong to the class of vapor cycles similar to vapor compression refrigeration systems. However, unlike vapor compression refrigeration systems, the required input to absorption systems is in the form of heat....
Ring Topology This topology is a simple design and consists of a single cable that forms the main data path in the shape of a ring. Each device is connected to a closed-loop of cable. Signals travel in one direction from one node to all other nodes around the loop. In...
Inter-Departmental Relationship With Security The coordination here is mainly concerned with the prevention of fire and thefts and the safekeeping of keys and lost property. Housekeeping personnel should also report anything of a suspicious nature or movement in a...
Types of Pastry Shortcrust Pastry Shortcrust pastry - is a type of pastry often used for the base of a tart, quiche or pie. It does not puff up during baking because it usually contains no leavening agent. It is possible to make shortcrust pastry with self-raising...
Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration is the process of acquiring or merging with competitors, leading to industry consolidation. Horizontal integration is a strategy where a company acquires, mergers, or takes over another company in the same industry value...
Substances that are soluble in both fat and water and enable fat to be uniformly dispersed in water as an emulsion. Foods that consist of such emulsions include butter, margarine, salad dressings, mayonnaise, and ice cream. Stabilizers maintain emulsions in a stable...
What is Air Conditioning? Any type of conditioning of air which includes circulating air in a room, filtering air, cooling or heating air, humidifying or dehumidifying the air. Complete air conditioning would mean all such processes being carried on the air. The...
Capitalisation Capitalization, in accounting, is when the costs to acquire an asset are expensed over the life of that asset rather than in the period it was incurred. In finance, capitalization is the sum of a corporation's stock, long-term debt, and retained...
Coordination with stores ensures the availability of day-to –day necessities of housekeeping. Larger hotels have a store attached to the housekeeping department that stocks linen, supplies and so on. Smaller hotels may stock them in the general store, except for...
Making bill Billing methods The seven basic billing methods are described below: Method Description Bill as check Second copy of order used as bill Separate bill ...
Market Penetration Market penetration is a measure of how much a product or service is being used by customers compared to the total estimated market for that product or service. Market penetration can also be used in developing strategies employed to increase the...
If you have been through the previous topics of this chapter you must have got enough uses of emulsifying agents in food. Here are links to previous topics. A. Theory of emulsification B. Types of emulsions C. Emulsifying agents The use of food emulsifier began with...
Documents by the Supplier (including format) ADVICE NOTE- Advice notes are sent to the purchaser, informing him that goods ordered have been dispatched, giving the date of dispatch and method of carriage used. Post, rail, etc. Most suppliers on a regular basis...
Centralized air–conditioning System Unit air Conditioners Window type units Split-type units Centralized Air Conditioning Plant The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls, etc. are to be...
Computer Network Types A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications. A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer...
Beer Beer is defined as a fermented, alcoholic beverage made from barley, wheat, rice, etc. & flavored with hops. History There is evidence that the brewing process was established in Babylon in 6000 B.C. Egyptian improved upon the process & Roman started for...
Market Development Market development is a strategic step taken by a company to develop the existing market rather than looking for a new market. The company looks for new buyers to pitch the product to a different segment of consumers in an effort to...
Food is mainly composed of macronutrients and macronutrients apart from water. Along with these there are organic acids, pigments, enzymes, flavouring substances and other organic constituents present in food in varying amounts in different foods. Food is mixture of...
HAM Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. As a processed meat, the term "ham" includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically...
Building Transport System Most multi-storied hotels have many floors above the ground floor and also one/two floors below the ground floor. Hence appropriate and efficient building transport systems are not only important but necessary also for operation. The systems...
Capital expenditure, or CapEx, are funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, industrial buildings, or equipment. CapEx is often used to undertake new projects or investments by the firm. This type of financial outlay...
Inter-Departmental Relationship With HR Personnel Housekeeping coordinates with the personnel department for the following reason Acquisition: human resource planning, recruitment, selection, and induction/ socialization. Maintenance: compensation management e.g. pay/...
CLASSIFICATION Of PASTRY Short Crust > 1. Rub in Method, 2. Creaming Method Choux Pastry > Hot Water Crust Puff Pastry > – Flaky, – Rough Puff, – Full Puff, – Danish Rub-in Method The proportion of fat to flour is 1:2. Weak flour is used so it absorbs less...
Product Development Product development strategy is the process of bringing new innovation to consumers from concept to testing through distribution. When existing business revenue platforms have plateaued, it is time to look at new growth strategies. New product...
CUTS OF BACON Streaky & Flank Bacon These are used diced for soups or to add flavour to stews. For Boiling & Stewing All cuts are suitable. but the lean pieces (forehock, gammon, collar) are sometimes casseroled or...
CHARACTERISTIC BACON HAM GAMMON WAYS OF EATING Can be eaten smoked, boiled, fried, grilled or baked. Cured or cooked fresh. Wet cured TYPES Types of bacon depend on the thickness and where the cut of meat is taken from in the pig. All ham is taken either from thigh...
Colloid Systems which are most common in Food are:- Sol Gel Foam Emulsion Let's have a look at their application in food preparation. Sol In this system, solids of colloidal dimensions are dispersed throughout a liquid. Solids form the dispersed phase and liquids form...