Topic wise notes as per new NCHM-JNU syllabus (for B.Sc HHA & M.Sc HA) are are now available at our new website hospitality.institute
Visit Now
Select Page
2nd Sem Food Production Notes

Processing of Butter

by

Last updated: 5 July 2023

Following are major steps in Manufacturing/Processing of Butter:-

1. HOLDING: Cream is pasteurized for 2-4 seconds at 95º C and then the temperature is lowered to 4-5º C and that is kept for several hours to ensure uniform hardening of fat particles.

2. RIPENING: When the end product is going to be Lactic butter, only then this step is carried out, in which bacterial culture is added. In this case, the holding temperature will be 15-18º C for 3-4 hours before being cooled to 4-5º C. This gives butter a good flavour and the stage is omitted while making sweet cream butter.

3. CHURNING: It is carried out in big stainless steel containers holding about 100 gallons of cream and the internal churners pass through the cream. This breaks the layer of fat solids which are released and are combined to form a large group of butterfat. After about 30 minutes of churning the butter gets separated from butter milk and floats to the surface.

4. WASHING AND SALTING: The butter grains are now washed with ice cold water to remove any butter milk left on the surface of each grain, in order to maximize the keeping quality.

Salting is carried in two ways:

  • By adding fine grains of dairy salt.
  • By dipping butter grains into brine solution (salt + vinegar) for 10-15 minutes and allowing the butter grains to absorb it.

 

How useful was this post?

5 star mean very useful & 1 star means not useful at all.

Average rating 4.5 / 5. Vote count: 10

No votes so far! Be the first to rate this post.

We are sorry that this post was not useful for you! 😔

Let us improve this post!

Tell us how we can improve this post?

Syllabus BHM151 (T)

01 Soups

  1. Basic recipes other than consommé with menu examples
    1. Broths
    2. Bouillon
    3. Puree
    4. Cream
    5. Veloute
    6. Chowder
    7. Bisque etc
  2. Garnishes and accompaniments
  3. International soups

02 Sauces & Gravies

  1. Difference between sauce and gravy
  2. Derivatives of mother sauces
  3. Contemporary & Proprietary

03 Meat Cookery

  1. Introduction to meat cookery
  2. Cuts of beef/veal
  3. Cuts of lamb/mutton
  4. Cuts of pork
  5. Variety meats (offals)
  6. Poultry (With menu examples of each)

04 Fish Cookery

  1. Introduction to fish cookery
  2. Classification of fish with examples
  3. Cuts of fish with menu examples
  4. Selection of fish and shell fish
  5. Cooking of fish (effects of heat)

05 Rice, Cereals & Pulses

  1. Introduction
  2. Classification and identification
  3. Cooking of rice, cereals and pulses
  4. Varieties of rice and other cereals

06 i) Pastry

  1. Short crust
  2. Laminated
  3. ChouxHot water/Rough puff
    1. Recipes and methods of preparation
    2. Differences
    3. Uses of each pastry
    4. Care to be taken while preparing pastry
    5. Role of each ingredient
    6. Temperature of baking pastry

ii) Flour

  1. Structure of wheat
  2. Types of Wheat
  3. Types of Flour
  4. Processing of Wheat – Flour
  5. Uses of Flour in Food Production
  6. Cooking of Flour (Starch)

iii) Simple Breads

  1. Principles of bread making
  2. Simple yeast breads
  3. Role of each ingredient in bread making
  4. Baking temperature and its importance

07 Pastry Creams

  1. Basic pastry creams
  2. Uses in confectionery
  3. Preparation and care in production

08 Basic Commodities

i) Milk

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Milk
  3. Pasteurisation – Homogenisation
  4. Types of Milk – Skimmed and Condensed
  5. Nutritive Value

ii) Cream

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Cream
  3. Types of Cream

iii) Cheese

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Cheese
  3. Types of Cheese
  4. Classification of Cheese
  5. Curing of Cheese
  6. Uses of Cheese

iv) Butter

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Butter
  3. Types of Butter

09 Basic Indian Cookery

i) Condiments & Spices

  1. Introduction to Indian food
  2. Spices used in Indian cookery
  3. Role of spices in Indian cookery
  4. Indian equivalent of spices (names)

ii) Masalas

  1. Blending of spices
  2. Different masalas used in Indian cookery
    1. Wet masalas
    2. Dry masalas
  3. Composition of different masalas
  4. Varieties of masalas available in regional areas
  5. Special masala blends

10 Kitchen Organization and Layout

  1. General layout of the kitchen in various organisations
  2. Layout of receiving areas
  3. Layout of service and wash up