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Introduction to Milk : Basic Commodities

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Milk is one of the most basic of all food. Milk constitute a complete diet and even for adults, cow’s milk includes many essential nutrients particularly calcium.

SOURCE

Mankind from time immemorial has used the milk of animals. The milk of cow, buffalo and goat is generally used. In some countries, milk of sheep, mare and camel is also used.

Milk represents a major ingredient in our diet- poured over cereals, drunk in glasses, in tea and coffee- but it also enters the composition of many dishes especially desserts such as ice cream, custard, pancakes, rice puddings etc. it is particularly high in calcium, but it is also fairly in fat.

COMPOSITION

Whole milk – that is, milk comes from the cow- is composed of water ( 88%), milk fat ( 3.25 %),  other milk solids( protein, lactose and minerals)- 8.25%.

There are many types of milk consumed though mostly it is cow’s milk, goat’s milk and sheep’s milk.

HISTORY OF MILK

Milk can be defined as a white opaque slightly sweet nutritious liquid secreted by the mammary glands, Milk has always been a symbol of fertility and wealth since biblical times and the promised land was described to be flowing with milk and honey.  In India and Asia, zebus and water-buffalo’s milk were considered sacred while the Romans and the Greeks were partial to the goat’s and ewe’s milk they also drank mares, camels, and asses milk.

Milk has a flourishing population of microbes. This is vital for natural coagulation of milk, but it can be harmful that is why various methods are used to pasteurize or sterilize the milk, thus avoiding deterioration and prolonging the length of time it can be stored.



Chart of 50 types of milk products and relationships, you might wanna have a look on it.

Introduction to Milk : Basic Commodities 1



 

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Syllabus BHM151 (T)

01 Soups

  1. Basic recipes other than consommé with menu examples
    1. Broths
    2. Bouillon
    3. Puree
    4. Cream
    5. Veloute
    6. Chowder
    7. Bisque etc
  2. Garnishes and accompaniments
  3. International soups

02 Sauces & Gravies

  1. Difference between sauce and gravy
  2. Derivatives of mother sauces
  3. Contemporary & Proprietary

03 Meat Cookery

  1. Introduction to meat cookery
  2. Cuts of beef/veal
  3. Cuts of lamb/mutton
  4. Cuts of pork
  5. Variety meats (offals)
  6. Poultry (With menu examples of each)

04 Fish Cookery

  1. Introduction to fish cookery
  2. Classification of fish with examples
  3. Cuts of fish with menu examples
  4. Selection of fish and shell fish
  5. Cooking of fish (effects of heat)

05 Rice, Cereals & Pulses

  1. Introduction
  2. Classification and identification
  3. Cooking of rice, cereals and pulses
  4. Varieties of rice and other cereals

06 i) Pastry

  1. Short crust
  2. Laminated
  3. ChouxHot water/Rough puff
    1. Recipes and methods of preparation
    2. Differences
    3. Uses of each pastry
    4. Care to be taken while preparing pastry
    5. Role of each ingredient
    6. Temperature of baking pastry

ii) Flour

  1. Structure of wheat
  2. Types of Wheat
  3. Types of Flour
  4. Processing of Wheat – Flour
  5. Uses of Flour in Food Production
  6. Cooking of Flour (Starch)

iii) Simple Breads

  1. Principles of bread making
  2. Simple yeast breads
  3. Role of each ingredient in bread making
  4. Baking temperature and its importance

07 Pastry Creams

  1. Basic pastry creams
  2. Uses in confectionery
  3. Preparation and care in production

08 Basic Commodities

i) Milk

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Milk
  3. Pasteurisation – Homogenisation
  4. Types of Milk – Skimmed and Condensed
  5. Nutritive Value

ii) Cream

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Cream
  3. Types of Cream

iii) Cheese

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Cheese
  3. Types of Cheese
  4. Classification of Cheese
  5. Curing of Cheese
  6. Uses of Cheese

iv) Butter

  1. Introduction
  2. Processing of Butter
  3. Types of Butter

09 Basic Indian Cookery

i) Condiments & Spices

  1. Introduction to Indian food
  2. Spices used in Indian cookery
  3. Role of spices in Indian cookery
  4. Indian equivalent of spices (names)

ii) Masalas

  1. Blending of spices
  2. Different masalas used in Indian cookery
    1. Wet masalas
    2. Dry masalas
  3. Composition of different masalas
  4. Varieties of masalas available in regional areas
  5. Special masala blends

10 Kitchen Organization and Layout

  1. General layout of the kitchen in various organisations
  2. Layout of receiving areas
  3. Layout of service and wash up