6th Sem | Accommodation Management | Solved Papers| 2012-13

Q1. Discuss the lost and found procedure with appropriate flowchart & format.

All lost and found articles should be stored in the lost and found cupboard, which is always kept locked. The lost and found room should be accessible only to the executive housekeeper and the control desk supervisor.

Records by way of lost and found are maintained regarding the date of finding, time of finding, place of finding, name of the finder. Efforts should be made to find the rightful owner of the article. If the owner of the article is known that guests’ addresses can be acquired from the front office or the travel agent and a letter informing the guest about the lost property may be written in the format.

Flowchart depicting the lost and found procedure

OR
What are the steps and precautions taken while dealing with terrorism in a hotel?

Dealing with terrorism in a hotel requires a carefully planned and coordinated response. Here are the steps and precautions that can be taken:

1. Create a Crisis Management Team: The first step is to establish a crisis management team that includes key personnel from various departments of the hotel such as security, management, housekeeping, and guest services. This team should be trained in dealing with crisis situations and should be prepared to act quickly and effectively in the event of a terrorist attack.
2. Develop an Emergency Plan: The crisis management team should develop an emergency plan that outlines the steps to be taken in the event of a terrorist attack. This plan should include evacuation procedures, communication protocols, and a plan for contacting law enforcement agencies.
3. Train Staff: All hotel staff, including housekeeping and front desk personnel, should be trained to recognize and report suspicious behavior. They should be familiar with the emergency plan and should know their roles and responsibilities in the event of a terrorist attack.
4. Secure the Hotel: The hotel should have appropriate security measures in place, such as surveillance cameras, metal detectors, and security personnel. These measures should be regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that they are effective.
5. Monitor Threats: The hotel should stay up-to-date on potential threats and should have a system in place for monitoring and assessing the risk of a terrorist attack. This may include working with local law enforcement agencies or security consultants.
6. Implement Access Control Measures: Access control measures should be implemented to restrict access to certain areas of the hotel. For example, guests may need to use key cards to access certain floors or areas, and non-guests may be required to show identification and register with security personnel.
7. Communicate with Guests: In the event of a terrorist attack, it is important to keep guests informed and calm. The hotel should have a system in place for communicating with guests, such as an emergency alert system or public address system.
8. Evacuate Guests: If necessary, the hotel should have a plan for evacuating guests quickly and safely. This may involve using emergency exits or stairwells, and the crisis management team should be prepared to coordinate with local emergency services if necessary.
9. Coordinate with Law Enforcement: The hotel should have a plan for coordinating with law enforcement agencies in the event of a terrorist attack. This may include providing information about the attack, assisting with the investigation, and working to prevent further attacks.
10. Review and Update Procedures: Finally, it is important to regularly review and update the emergency plan and security procedures to ensure that they are effective and up-to-date. This may involve conducting regular training exercises and drills to test the response of hotel staff and emergency services.

In addition to these steps, there are several precautions that hotels can take to prevent terrorist attacks. These may include conducting background checks on employees and guests, increasing security measures in high-risk areas, and working with local law enforcement agencies to monitor potential threats. By taking these steps and precautions, hotels can help to prevent terrorist attacks and minimize the impact of any attacks that do occur.

Q2. Differentiate between

a.) Curtains and Draperies

a.) Shades & Blinds

OR
Write a note on different types of window treatments.

Window treatment is also known as a decorative treatment. The ultimate purpose of any window treatment is to make the window function and to make it attractive from both the outside and the inside. In most rooms control of the amounts of light and air that enter is important. At times it may be desirable for sunshine to flood the room and at other times it may be appropriate to block out odd sunlight. Also at times, privacy may be particularly important. Here are some of the most popular types of window treatments:

1. Curtains: Curtains are a popular option for covering windows as they are versatile and come in a wide range of colors, patterns, and fabrics. They can be made from lightweight materials such as cotton and linen or heavier materials such as velvet and silk. They can also be lined to improve insulation or blackout capabilities.
2. Drapes: Drapes are similar to curtains, but they are typically made from heavier fabrics and are lined with a more substantial material to provide greater insulation and light control. They are commonly used in formal settings such as dining rooms and living rooms.
3. Blinds: Blinds are made from hard materials such as wood, metal, or vinyl and feature slats that can be adjusted to control the amount of light entering the room. They are available in a variety of styles such as horizontal and vertical, and can be operated with cords or a wand.
4. Shades: Shades are made from soft materials such as fabric or paper and are designed to block out light and provide privacy. They can be raised and lowered using cords or a continuous loop system and are available in a variety of styles such as roller, roman, and cellular.
5. Shutters: Shutters are a popular option for both interior and exterior windows. They are made from wood, vinyl, or composite materials and feature louvers that can be adjusted to control the amount of light entering the room. They provide a classic and elegant look and can help to improve energy efficiency.
6. Valances: Valances are a decorative option that can be used alone or in combination with other window treatments. They are typically made from lightweight materials and are designed to cover the top portion of the window. They come in a variety of styles such as swag, scarf, and balloon.
7. Cornices: Cornices are similar to valances but are made from harder materials such as wood or metal. They provide a more structured and formal look and can be used to conceal hardware or add visual interest to a window.

When choosing a window treatment, it is important to consider factors such as the amount of light entering the room, the level of privacy desired, the style of the room, and the budget available. A well-chosen window treatment can add beauty and functionality to any room in the home.

Q3. Explain briefly the elements of design to be followed to achieve the good interior design.

Good interior design is a combination of both art and science, and it involves creating a space that is not only functional but also visually appealing. The following are the key elements of design that should be followed to achieve good interior design:

1. Space: Space is the foundation of interior design, and it refers to the area that is available to work with. Good interior design takes into account the size, shape, and layout of the space to create a functional and visually pleasing environment.
2. Line: Lines are used to define the shape and form of objects in a space. Good interior design uses different types of lines, such as vertical, horizontal, and diagonal, to create visual interest and lead the eye around the room.
3. Color: Color is one of the most important elements of design as it can set the mood and tone of a space. Good interior design uses color to create a cohesive and harmonious look, using a combination of complementary or contrasting colors to achieve the desired effect.
4. Texture: Texture adds depth and richness to a space, and it can be achieved through the use of fabrics, natural materials such as wood or stone, or decorative elements such as wallpaper or artwork.
5. Pattern: Patterns add visual interest and can be used to create a focal point or unify a space. Good interior design uses patterns in a balanced and harmonious way, taking into account the scale and proportion of the space.
6. Light: Lighting is an important element of interior design as it can affect the mood and ambiance of a space. Good interior design uses a combination of natural and artificial light to create a well-lit space that is functional and visually appealing.
7. Balance: Balance refers to the distribution of visual weight in a space, and it is achieved by placing objects in a way that creates a sense of equilibrium. Good interior design uses balance to create a harmonious and cohesive look.
8. Proportion: Proportion refers to the relationship between objects in a space, and it is important in creating a visually pleasing environment. Good interior design uses proportion to create a balanced and harmonious space that is pleasing to the eye.

In conclusion, good interior design involves a careful consideration of the above elements to create a functional and visually appealing space. A well-designed interior can improve the quality of life and create a positive environment for the people who live and work within it.

Q4. List the checklist of the housekeeping prepared by the executive housekeeper in the countdown of the launch of new property.

As the launch of a new property approaches, the executive housekeeper plays a critical role in ensuring that the property is ready for its guests. A comprehensive checklist is necessary to ensure that every detail is accounted for and that the property is cleaned and prepared to the highest standard. The following is a checklist of the housekeeping prepared by the executive housekeeper in the countdown to the launch of a new property.

1. Deep Cleaning: The first step in the preparation process is to ensure that the property has undergone a deep cleaning process. This includes a thorough cleaning of all surfaces, fixtures, and furniture. The goal is to ensure that the property is free of dust, debris, and any other contaminants.
2. Inventory: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that an inventory of all housekeeping supplies and equipment has been completed. This includes linens, towels, cleaning supplies, and equipment. The inventory will allow the housekeeping department to ensure that they have everything they need to operate efficiently.
3. Staffing: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that staffing levels are adequate for the launch. This includes the recruitment and training of new staff members, as well as the allocation of duties and responsibilities to ensure that all areas of the property are covered.
4. Safety: Safety is a top priority in any property, and the executive housekeeper needs to ensure that all safety measures have been taken. This includes the installation of smoke detectors, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers, as well as the creation of evacuation plans and safety procedures.
5. Quality Control: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that quality control measures are in place. This includes regular inspections of guest rooms and public areas to ensure that they are clean and well-maintained. Any issues that are identified should be addressed promptly to maintain the highest level of guest satisfaction.
6. Linen and Laundry: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that the property has adequate supplies of clean linen and towels. The laundry facility needs to be prepared to handle the high volume of laundry that will be generated by the launch of the new property.
7. Public Areas: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that all public areas are clean and well-maintained. This includes the lobby, restaurants, bars, and other public spaces. These areas should be inspected regularly to ensure that they are in top condition for the launch.
8. Guest Rooms: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that all guest rooms are clean and ready for occupancy. This includes ensuring that the bed linens, towels, and other amenities are in place, and that the room has been thoroughly cleaned.
9. Pest Control: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that the property is free from pests such as rodents and insects. This includes regular inspections and treatments to prevent any infestations from occurring.
10. Training: The executive housekeeper needs to ensure that all staff members have received the necessary training to operate efficiently and maintain the highest level of guest satisfaction. This includes training on cleaning procedures, safety measures, and guest service.

In conclusion, the countdown to the launch of a new property requires a comprehensive checklist of the housekeeping prepared by the executive housekeeper. The checklist needs to cover all areas of the property, including public spaces, guest rooms, linen and laundry, staffing, safety, quality control, and training. By following this checklist, the executive housekeeper can ensure that the property is prepared to the highest standard and that the guests have a memorable and enjoyable experience.

Q5. Write the procedure involved in the redecoration in the hotel.

The redecoration of a hotel is a major project that requires careful planning and execution. The following is a procedure involved in the redecoration of a hotel in points:

1. Assessment of Current State: The first step in the redecoration process is to assess the current state of the hotel. This includes taking an inventory of the existing furniture, fixtures, and décor. The assessment should also include an evaluation of the areas that need improvement.
2. Setting Goals and Objectives: The next step is to set goals and objectives for the redecoration project. This includes determining the theme and style of the hotel, identifying the areas that need improvement, and setting a budget for the project.
3. Design and Planning: Once the goals and objectives have been set, the next step is to create a design plan. This includes selecting the color scheme, furniture, lighting, and other decorative elements. The design plan should also include a timeline for the project and a budget for each item.
4. Approval: The design plan should be presented to the hotel management for approval. Any changes or modifications to the plan should be made at this stage.
5. Implementation: Once the design plan has been approved, the implementation stage can begin. This includes ordering the furniture, fixtures, and décor, as well as hiring contractors for any construction or renovation work. The project manager should oversee the implementation stage to ensure that everything is done according to the plan.
6. Quality Control: Throughout the redecoration process, quality control measures should be in place to ensure that the final result meets the standards set by the hotel management. This includes regular inspections and evaluations of the work done by contractors and the quality of the materials used.
7. Testing and Commissioning: Once the redecoration work has been completed, testing and commissioning should be carried out to ensure that everything is working as it should. This includes testing the lighting, air conditioning, and other systems.
8. Clean Up: After the testing and commissioning phase, the hotel should be cleaned up to remove any debris or waste materials. This includes disposing of old furniture and décor, as well as cleaning the carpets and floors.
9. Launch: The final step in the redecoration process is the launch. This includes marketing the newly redecorated hotel to potential customers and guests. The launch should be planned carefully to ensure that everything runs smoothly and that guests have a positive experience.

In conclusion, the redecoration of a hotel is a major project that requires careful planning and execution. The procedure involved in the redecoration process includes an assessment of the current state, setting goals and objectives, design and planning, approval, implementation, quality control, testing and commissioning, clean up, and launch. By following this procedure, hotels can achieve their desired look and feel, attract more guests, and ultimately increase revenue.

OR
Draw the layout of a standard Double room with dimensions and amenities position.

Q6. Discuss the different types of color schemes and explain the role of color in interior designing.

Color is a fundamental element in interior design. It has the power to evoke emotions, set the mood, and define the personality of a space. Choosing the right color scheme is essential in achieving a cohesive and harmonious interior design. There are different types of color schemes that designers use, including:

1. Monochromatic Color Scheme: This type of color scheme uses different shades, tones, and tints of a single color. It creates a calming and harmonious atmosphere, making it ideal for bedrooms, bathrooms, and other areas where relaxation is the primary goal.
2. Analogous Color Scheme: This type of color scheme uses colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. For example, green, blue-green, and blue. Analogous color schemes create a sense of unity and harmony and are often used in living rooms, kitchens, and dining rooms.
3. Complementary Color Scheme: This type of color scheme uses colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel, such as blue and orange or yellow and purple. Complementary color schemes create a high-contrast and vibrant atmosphere, making them ideal for accent walls or statement pieces.
4. Triadic Color Scheme: This type of color scheme uses three colors that are equally spaced on the color wheel, such as red, yellow, and blue. Triadic color schemes create a balanced and dynamic atmosphere and are often used in children’s rooms, game rooms, and other playful spaces.
5. Tetradic Color Scheme: This type of color scheme uses four colors that are evenly spaced on the color wheel. It provides a lot of opportunities for variation and can create a bold and adventurous atmosphere. However, it requires careful consideration to avoid overwhelming the space.

The role of color in interior design is crucial. Color has the power to influence mood, emotion, and behavior. By choosing the right color scheme, designers can create a specific atmosphere and set the tone for the entire space. For example, warm colors such as red, orange, and yellow can create a sense of warmth, energy, and excitement. Cool colors such as blue, green, and purple, on the other hand, create a sense of calmness, serenity, and relaxation.

In addition, color can be used to create illusions of space. For example, light colors such as white and pastels can make a room feel more spacious, while dark colors can create a sense of intimacy and coziness. Color can also be used to highlight architectural features, create focal points, and emphasize texture and pattern.In conclusion, color is an essential element in interior design, and choosing the right color scheme is crucial in achieving a cohesive and harmonious space. Different types of color schemes can create different atmospheres, and designers must carefully consider the role of color in their design process.

Q7. Discuss the lighting plans at:

a.) Entrance Area and Lobbies:

Lighting plays a crucial role in creating a welcoming and inviting entrance area and lobby. It can set the tone for the entire hotel and make a lasting impression on guests. When designing the lighting plan for the entrance area and lobby, the following factors should be considered:

1. Functionality: The lighting should be functional and provide adequate illumination for guests to navigate the area safely. This includes both general lighting and task lighting for areas such as reception desks and concierge stations.
2. Ambience: The lighting should create a warm and inviting atmosphere that reflects the hotel’s brand and personality. This can be achieved through the use of accent lighting, such as wall sconces or table lamps, to create a sense of intimacy and comfort.
3. Design: The lighting should complement the overall design scheme of the entrance area and lobby. This includes the choice of fixtures, finishes, and color temperature.

Some common lighting fixtures used in entrance areas and lobbies include chandeliers, pendant lights, recessed lighting, and wall sconces. LED lights are also becoming increasingly popular due to their energy efficiency and long lifespan.

b.) Guestrooms and Lobbies:

Lighting in guestrooms and lobbies should be designed with both functionality and ambience in mind. The lighting plan should be able to cater to the needs of different guests, such as those who want to work or relax in their room. When designing the lighting plan for guestrooms and lobbies, the following factors should be considered:

1. Functionality: The lighting should be functional and provide adequate illumination for guests to carry out different tasks, such as reading, working, or getting dressed. This includes both general lighting and task lighting, such as table lamps and bedside lights.
2. Ambience: The lighting should create a comfortable and relaxing atmosphere that promotes rest and relaxation. This can be achieved through the use of dimmer switches, which allow guests to adjust the lighting level according to their preference.
3. Energy Efficiency: With rising energy costs, it’s essential to design a lighting plan that is energy-efficient. This includes the use of LED lights, motion sensors, and timers to reduce energy consumption.

In guestrooms, common lighting fixtures include bedside lamps, floor lamps, and ceiling lights. In lobbies, chandeliers, pendant lights, and wall sconces are often used to create a sense of grandeur and elegance.

In conclusion, lighting is a crucial aspect of interior design in hotels. It plays a significant role in creating the right atmosphere and ambience in different areas of the hotel, including entrance areas, lobbies, and guestrooms. When designing a lighting plan, designers must consider the functionality, ambience, and energy efficiency of the lighting fixtures to create a comfortable and welcoming space for guests.

Q8. Explain how the carpets are cleaned and maintained.

Carpets are a popular flooring option in hotels due to their warmth, comfort, and aesthetic appeal. However, carpets can also accumulate dirt, dust, and stains over time, making it essential to clean and maintain them regularly. Here is a brief overview of how carpets are cleaned and maintained:

1. Vacuuming: Regular vacuuming is the most basic form of carpet maintenance. It helps to remove surface-level dust and dirt that can accumulate in the fibers. Vacuuming should be done at least once a week or more often in high-traffic areas.
2. Spot cleaning: Spot cleaning is a way to remove stains or spills from carpets before they become permanent. This can be done using a variety of cleaning products and methods, depending on the type of stain and the carpet’s material.
3. Professional deep cleaning: Over time, carpets can accumulate dirt and debris that cannot be removed by regular vacuuming or spot cleaning. In such cases, professional deep cleaning is necessary. This involves using specialized equipment and cleaning agents to deep clean the carpets, removing dirt and stains from deep within the fibers.
4. Dry cleaning: Dry cleaning is a method of carpet cleaning that uses little or no moisture. It is an excellent option for carpets that are delicate or cannot handle too much moisture. Dry cleaning involves using a special cleaning powder that is applied to the carpet and then removed using a vacuum.
5. Steam cleaning: Steam cleaning is a popular method of carpet cleaning that uses hot water and steam to deep clean the carpets. This method is effective in removing dirt, stains, and bacteria from the fibers. It is also eco-friendly since it uses no chemicals.

In addition to cleaning, carpets also require regular maintenance to ensure their longevity. Here are some tips for maintaining carpets:

1. Use doormats: Place doormats at the entrance of the hotel to reduce the amount of dirt and debris that enter the building.
2. Remove stains promptly: Attend to stains as soon as possible to prevent them from setting in and becoming permanent.
3. Rotate furniture: Regularly rotate furniture to prevent wear and tear in high-traffic areas.
4. Professional maintenance: Have a professional carpet cleaner perform maintenance on the carpets regularly to ensure they stay clean and in good condition.

In conclusion, carpets are an essential element of hotel interiors, and proper cleaning and maintenance are necessary to ensure their longevity and aesthetic appeal. Regular vacuuming, spot cleaning, professional deep cleaning, dry cleaning, and steam cleaning are all methods used to clean carpets, while using doormats, attending to stains promptly, rotating furniture, and professional maintenance are essential for maintaining carpets.

Q9. Define the following:

a.) Tint

In color theory, a tint is the mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, and a shade is the mixture of a color with black, which reduces lightness. Mixing a color with any neutral color, including black and white, reduces the chroma, or colorfulness, while the hue remains unchanged.

b.) Snag list

A snag list is a document that outlines any unfinished or incomplete tasks in a construction or renovation project. It is created before the final handover of the project and serves as a checklist for the contractor or builder to complete any remaining work.

c.) Swags

Swag is a draped section of fabric at the top of the window. This is usually accompanied by short pieces of fabrics at sides to form cascades. They are suitable for formal window treatment. They are suitable when the depth of the swag is about half of the drapery length.

d.) Refurbishing

Refurbishing refers to the process of renovating or repairing a building, room, or object to improve its functionality, appearance, or both. It may involve repairing, repainting, or replacing components to bring them up to date or to match a specific design style.

 e.) Greek Oblong

The ancient Greeks striving for beauty arrived at the point where they tried to achieve good proportions in nearly everything they created. Among the rules that they evolved was the oblong that they used as the basis of space divisions called ‘the golden oblong’ or the ‘Greek oblong’. The Greek oblong measures two units on the short side and three on the long side. Its proportions are considered more beautiful than a completely symmetrical shape like a square. The Greek oblong has since been the recognized standard for space relationships through much of Western Civilization. A Greek oblong is a decorative element commonly used in architecture and interior design. It is a rectangular shape with rounded edges and is often found in the design of columns, moldings, and other ornamental features.

Q10. Fill in the blanks:

• Secondary color Is also known as binary colors.

Secondary colors are the result of mixing two primary colors together. Primary colors, on the other hand, cannot be created by mixing other colors together. The three primary colors are red, blue, and yellow, and by mixing them in different combinations, secondary colors such as green, orange, and purple can be created. In interior design, understanding color theory and color mixing is important in creating harmonious and visually pleasing color schemes.

• A decorative heading made of frilled or pleated material is known as a Pinch pleat.

Pinch pleats are a type of decorative heading for drapery or curtains, characterized by tightly gathered fabric at regular intervals. They are often used to add texture and volume to window treatments and are a popular choice for more formal or traditional interiors. Pinch pleats can be made in a variety of styles and sizes, depending on the desired look and function of the drapery.

• Marble and granite are examples of hard floors.

Marble and granite are examples of natural stone materials commonly used as hard flooring options. Natural stone is known for its durability and longevity, making it a popular choice for high-traffic areas such as lobbies and entryways. However, natural stone can be expensive and requires regular maintenance to keep it looking its best.

• Dalhousies are windows provided with plantation-style shutters.

“Dalhousies” is not a commonly used term in interior design, and a search did not yield any relevant results. It is possible that this is a regional or niche term that is not widely known.

• The process of restoring a property to its original design is known as restoration.

Restoration is the process of returning a building or object to its original condition through careful repair or reconstruction. In interior design, restoration may involve repairing or replicating historic features, such as molding or millwork, to maintain the integrity and character of a space. Restoration is often done in historic or heritage buildings to preserve their architectural and cultural significance.

• The principle of proportion is also known as the law of relationship.

The principle of proportion refers to the relationship between different design elements, such as size and scale. The principle of proportion helps to create balance and harmony in a space by ensuring that the size and placement of design elements are visually pleasing and cohesive. For example, in a room with high ceilings, it may be necessary to use larger pieces of furniture and art to create a sense of balance and proportion.

• The kind of lighting coming from sources such as ceiling features is known as Direct lighting.

Direct lighting refers to illumination that is directed towards a specific area or object, typically from a fixed source such as a ceiling fixture or lamp. Direct lighting is often used to highlight or accentuate specific design elements or to provide task lighting in areas such as kitchens or offices.

• Intensity Is the brightness or dullness of a colour.

Intensity refers to the brightness or saturation of a color, not its dullness. Colors with high intensity are bright and bold, while colors with low intensity are more muted and subdued. In interior design, understanding color intensity is important in creating a balanced and harmonious color scheme.

• Upholstery is the textiles used for furniture decor.

Upholstery refers to the materials used to cover and pad furniture, such as fabric or leather. Upholstery plays an important role in the comfort and aesthetic appeal of furniture, and different materials and patterns can be used to create different looks and styles in a space.