Table of Contents
Q.1. Explain the method of preparation of hot and cold face towels.(10)
OR What are the care labels? Describe the various symbols used on care labels.(5+5=10)
Q.2. Explain the process of dry-cleaning in brief. What are the various dry-cleaning agents commonly used?(5+5=10)
OR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of dry-cleaning.(10)
Q.3. How are the par levels for staff uniforms established?
OR Discuss the process of issuing and exchanging of uniforms.
Uniforms are outfits of specific material, color, design usually provided by the establishment to the staff so that employees of same position wear identical outfits.
In most hotels housekeeping department is the custodian of uniforms for all hotel employees.
Issuing and exchanging of uniforms:-
The uniforms are issued against a specific authorization letter received from HR department
Employee is issued a new uniform, with dept. name and uniform no. and he signs in the New Uniform Issue Register for it.New uniform issue register
Exchanging uniforms to existing employees:-
Uniform exchange is done at flexible timings
Uniform is checked for damage and sent for mending if required
Uniforms are exchanged on one for one basis that is fresh for soiled
Uniform register is maintained by supervisor in which movement of uniforms are
monitored
Uniform exchange slip is made in duplicate, original is given to employee along with fresh
uniform and duplicate slip is kept in book
For employees who are leaving:-
On leaving the organization the employee has to return the uniform to the uniform room, signing the uniform issue register get a signature for uniform clearance and submit it to HR.
Q.4. (a) Write a short note on the equipment used in sewing room.
Equipments used in Sewing room are:
2/3 sewing machines, manual or motor preferably with a foot treadle which leaves hands free for darning; thread release on looper for tension control so as to enable stitching to be carried out on fabrics of varied thickness; different runner attachments to facilitate zig-zag stitching, edging, mending and darning.
A sewing kit containing: A sharp scissors
A snippet scissors
Threads of various colours
Buttons of different types
Plain pins, sewing needles and machine needles
A ripper
Spare bobbins
Machine oil and machine repair kit
Tailor’s chalk and pencil
Ruler and measuring tape
A heavy/steam iron with an ironing board and a power point in the vicinity
Above all, good lighting is essential to facilitate the sewing functions without eyestrain.
(b) Write the job description for a seamstress.
Role of a seamstress :
Mending and stitching uniform, linen, upholstery etc
Alteration of uniforms if required
Refurnish and creating makeovers of all damaged linen
Repair guest cloths if required
Provide assistance to Executive HK in order to purchase the amount of fabric required
Monogramming the linen
Tailoring of new rooms
Providing material for theme decoration
Q.5. (a) Explain the preparation guidelines of flower arrangement.
(b) List ten different flowers and ten types of foliage used in flower arrangements.(5+5=10)
Q.6. How would you remove the following stain?
(a) Shoe polish
Sponge the liquid detergent
Steep the stain in turpentine oil or carbon tetrachloride
Bleach if required
(b) Tea
Pour boiling water over the stain
Apply borax solution.
Allow to dry and then again pour boiling water.
Launder it
(c) Candle wax
Scrape off the surface wax with a blunt knife
Place the stain between two sheets of blotting paper
And press with warm iron
(d) Rust
(e) Grass
Steep the stain in methylated spirit
Bleach if required
Launder
Q.7. Discuss the use of indoor plants in hotels. How are indoor plants maintained for a healthy and long life?
Use of Indoor Plants in hotels:
They improve air quality in the atmosphere
When combined with the right décor and lightning, they provide an elegant an elegant charm and liveliness
They create a tranquil atmosphere, thus reduce stress in the environment.
They can be used to absorb unwanted noise
To separate a particular area for specific function
Indoor Plants Maintenance :
Watering the plant. Bore the following factors-
1)Check soil for moisture, if moist watering is not required. If you do expect a hot day ahead then you could give it a bit of a sprinkle.
2) Make sure the soil is never left soggy for long periods letting it dry between watering.This will prevent the plants from rotting due to suffocation. Plants like cactus need to be watered once in a week and placed in full sun
3) The best time to water plants is in the morning, before the sunlight is at its strongest intensity as this is the optimum condition for plants to photosynthesize.It could inhibit air flow to the roots. Once watered, make sure the tray is emptied of standing water and placed back. Standing water can cause mosquitoes to breed and
results in over watering of the plants.
Removing the dust
Make sure to thoroughly clean plants up to twice a week to keep them dust free. Dust interferes with the breathing of the plants and if not cleaned, plants appear dull and tendto wilt.
Re-Potting
All potted plants need to be re-potted at least once a year to maintain stable growth and luster. Some slow growing plants may take longer; hence pay attention to your plants.
Fertilizing
It is mandatory that all plants be fertilized once a month. Make sure they are supplied a balanced diet of NPK- Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium or any well-decomposed organic fertilizer.
Trimming and Pruning
Pruning is a horticultural practice that involves the removal of certain unwanted,diseased, non-reproducing parts of a plant. It is advised according to a particular plant’s
growth habit. Pruning must be done systematically. A good method is to trim the young,wild, out of shape branches before you tackle the older, more established ones. In thisway you give the plants a better form as it grows to increase its overall aesthetic appeal.It is advised that the cutters have sharp blades or else they could damage the plant creating and open wound susceptible to fungal and rust diseases.
Hydro Culture
Also known as hydroponics. It is a method of growing plants without soil or compost. It gives us a successful plant with a little attention. Choose a young plant, wash its roots carefully. Then place the plant in a container with a slatted or mesh sides. Pack expanded granules along the roots and then place the pot into another larger water tight container. Insert water level tube. Pack the whole with more clay granules to fill up the pot. Sprinkle the special hydro culture fertilizer and add water to the maximum level.
Relax for a few months now.
Q.8. Explain flow process of industrial laundering.
Arrival
On arrival, linen must be dealt with as quickly as possible. There must be a separate section for guest laundry that is usually handled by the most experienced staff.
Processing linen for laundering as quickly as possible is necessary:
– to ensure that linen items are available as and when required.
– to avoid transfer of stains and prevent stains from becoming permanent.
– so that it does not provide a breeding ground for bacteria and pests.
– to prevent the formation of mildew on damp articles particularly bath linen.
– to avoid the possibility of linen getting misplaced or lost.
Sorting
In hospitals, the infection risk necessitates the need for using gloves when sorting out linen.Gloves may also be used when handling hotel linen. Sorting is carried out according to the type of fabric and item, colour as well as the degree and type of soil. Sorting is doneto separate those articles that need dry cleaning from those that will go through the normal wash process. Those that need mending or stain removal will be separated so that they can be dealt with accordingly. Also, different articles take a different wash process in terms of temperature of water, type of laundering agent, length of wash cycle,whether hydro- extraction should be done and if so, the length of the hydro-extractioncycle.It takes less effort to pre -sort linen than to post-sort washed linen which is 50% heavier in weight due to water retention. Post-sorting is often essential in healthcare processes.
Marking
Marking may be temporary (guest laundry) or permanent (monogramming of hotel linen).It is the temporary marking that is carried out at this stage. Most good establishments have a marking machine that attaches a heat sealed tape in an inconspicuous place.The tag has scope for six characters and is intended to indicate the initials of the guest as well as the room number. It provides a clear identification and correct billing, and although it does not come off in the normal wash process, it can be peeled off if so desired.
Weighing
Is carried out to conform to the capacity of the washing machine:
(Overloading) There is no or low centrifugal action because the linen articles are too tightly packed in the drum. There is inadequate friction and the deeply imbedded soil is not removed so the wash process is ineffective. Certain synthetics develop creases as a result of overloading that are difficult to get rid of in the subsequent ironing process Repeated overloading can cause the machine to breakdown.
(Underloading) In this case, there is centrifugal action but inadequate friction because the linen articles are too far apart There is a good deal of wastage in terms of time,labour, laundry agents, water and power. Many modern machines have sensors that can gauge not only the load but also the length of cycle, temperature of water, water level,the type and amount of laundry agent and when it will be dispensed in the wash cycle.This is highly beneficial in the conservation of water and energy as well as reducing wear and tear on the linen articles.
Loading
Is often done manually or with a certain degree of automation. Shovel type cranes are used for lifting and depositing linen, thereby providing complete automation by
eliminating the need for handling by operators. Alternatively, weighed linen in bags istransported along a track and directed to the opening of the washer extractor with the help of a nylon cord. A lock in the lower half of the bag is released, dropping the soiled linen into the washer extractor. Machines that tilt, provide ease in both loading as well as unloading. Machines may be top loading, front loading or side loading.
Washing
This process is designed to perform three basic functions:
1. removal of soil
2. suspension of soil
3. discharge of the soil from the machine to the drain
In the wash process, the following factors must be considered :
1. Length of cycle :If the cycle is too short, the linen will not be cleaned. If the cycle is too long, there will be unnecessary wear and tear and the clothes may actually become dirtier as a result of redeposition of soil.
2. Temperature of water: If the temperature of water is too high, it is likely to damage the linen. If the temperature is inadequate, the chemicals will not work effectively.
3. Water level :Incorrect ‘dip’ levels can alter the concentration of the laundry agents rendering them ineffective. In case of a gentle action the water level is usually higher forming a protective envelope to the delicate linen.
4. Type and amount of detergent and when it will be dispensed in the wash cycle:This is also a crucial factor that affects the quality of wash Deciding which laundry agent should be used is dependent on the nature of the fabric being washed. Too little detergent will result in an incomplete cleaning process. And too much may remain as a residue after the rinse cycle is complete. It is important that the laundry agent is introduced into the wash cycle at the appropriate time if it is to have the required action.
5. Mechanical action:
This refers to the centrifugal action brought about by the movement of the drum that causes friction between the linen articles and is radically affected by overloading or
underloading as well as the speed of the drum. Modern machinery often operates on sensors, which are capable of gauging each of these requirements for a specific load.