Table of Contents
Q.1. (a) What is par? How is par level established for “Non Recycled Inventory”?
Par is the minimum level of inventory that a hotel needs to maintain to ensure that it does not run out of essential items. The par level is established based on the usage rate of a particular item and the time required to order and receive a new supply of that item.
To establish the par level for non-recycled inventory, the hotel needs to consider several factors such as historical usage data, lead time, and safety stock. Historical usage data provides information on the average daily usage rate of an item. The lead time is the time required to order and receive a new supply of that item. Safety stock is the amount of inventory that a hotel keeps on hand to account for any unexpected fluctuations in demand or delays in delivery.
Using this information, the hotel can calculate the par level for each item in its non-recycled inventory. The par level for an item is typically set at the usage rate for the number of days required to order and receive a new supply of that item, plus any safety stock that may be required. By setting the par level in this way, the hotel can ensure that it always has enough inventory on hand to meet its needs while minimizing the risk of excess inventory or stockouts.
(b) What is “Outsourcing”? Enumerate various advantages of outsourcing.
Outsourcing is a business practice in which a company contracts with an external organization or individual to perform certain tasks or functions on its behalf. The purpose of outsourcing is to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and access specialized expertise or resources that may not be available in-house.
Advantages of outsourcing include:
- Cost savings: One of the primary advantages of outsourcing is cost savings. By outsourcing certain functions or tasks, a company can reduce its labor costs, lower its overhead, and avoid the expense of maintaining in-house staff.
- Access to specialized expertise: Outsourcing can provide access to specialized expertise or resources that may not be available in-house. For example, a hotel may outsource its IT services to a third-party provider with expertise in that area.
- Increased efficiency: Outsourcing can increase the efficiency of a company’s operations by allowing it to focus on its core business functions while delegating non-core tasks to external providers.
- Flexibility: Outsourcing can provide flexibility in terms of staffing and resource allocation. By outsourcing certain functions, a company can quickly adjust its staffing levels to match changes in demand.
- Risk reduction: Outsourcing can help to mitigate certain risks associated with business operations. For example, by outsourcing its payroll processing, a company can reduce the risk of errors and fraud.
- Improved quality: Outsourcing can lead to improved quality by leveraging the expertise and resources of specialized providers. For example, a hotel may outsource its housekeeping services to a provider with a proven track record of delivering high-quality service.
Overall, outsourcing can provide a range of benefits to companies in the hospitality industry, allowing them to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and access specialized expertise and resources while focusing on their core business functions.
Q.2. Write in detail about capital budget and operating budget.
Capital Budget
A capital budget is a financial plan for a business’s long-term investments in property, equipment, and other assets. The purpose of a capital budget is to allocate funds for the acquisition of fixed assets that will provide benefits for more than one year. The capital budgeting process involves analyzing a business’s investment opportunities, forecasting future cash flows, and determining the potential return on investment (ROI) for each opportunity.
Some of the key features of a capital budget include:
- Long-term planning: Capital budgets typically cover a period of three to five years or more.
- Large expenditures: Capital budgets are focused on large, one-time investments, such as the purchase of a new building or the installation of a new HVAC system.
- Revenue generation: The goal of a capital budget is to invest in assets that will generate revenue for the business over the long-term.
Operating Budget
An operating budget is a financial plan for a business’s day-to-day operations. The purpose of an operating budget is to allocate funds for the routine expenses of the business, such as payroll, rent, utilities, and supplies. The operating budget is typically prepared on an annual basis, and it outlines the revenue and expenses of the business for the upcoming year.
Some of the key features of an operating budget include:
- Short-term planning: Operating budgets typically cover a period of one year.
- Recurring expenses: Operating budgets focus on the routine expenses that the business incurs on a regular basis.
- Revenue and expense forecasting: The operating budget projects the expected revenue and expenses for the business in the upcoming year.
Differences between Capital Budget and Operating Budget
There are several differences between capital budgets and operating budgets. The main differences include:
- Timeframe: Capital budgets cover long-term investments, while operating budgets cover day-to-day expenses.
- Size of expenditures: Capital budgets are focused on large, one-time investments, while operating budgets focus on routine expenses.
- Revenue generation: Capital budgets are focused on investments that will generate revenue over the long-term, while operating budgets focus on the revenue and expenses of the business in the upcoming year.
In conclusion, capital budgets and operating budgets are two different financial plans that are important for hotel accommodation management. Capital budgets are focused on long-term investments in fixed assets, while operating budgets are focused on the day-to-day expenses of the business. Both budgets are important for the overall financial health of the business and should be carefully planned and managed to ensure the success of the hotel.
OR What are different types of purchasing? Explain each briefly by giving relevant example.
In business, purchasing refers to the process of acquiring goods or services from suppliers. There are different types of purchasing methods that a business can use, depending on the type of product or service being purchased, the quantity of the purchase, and other factors. Some of the most common types of purchasing are:
1. Spot Purchasing
Spot purchasing, also known as spot buying, is a purchasing method in which a business purchases a product or service on a one-time basis, without any prior agreement with the supplier. Spot purchasing is typically used for small purchases, emergency purchases, or purchases of unique or hard-to-find items. An example of spot purchasing would be a restaurant purchasing fresh fish from a local fisherman on a daily basis.
2. Blanket Purchasing
Blanket purchasing is a purchasing method in which a business makes a single purchase agreement with a supplier for a set period of time, usually one year. The agreement typically covers a specific set of products or services, and the supplier agrees to provide the products or services as needed throughout the year. An example of blanket purchasing would be a hotel purchasing linens and towels from a supplier on a yearly basis.
3. Just-in-Time (JIT) Purchasing
Just-in-time purchasing is a purchasing method in which a business only orders products or services as they are needed, in order to minimize inventory costs and reduce waste. The goal of JIT purchasing is to ensure that products and materials arrive just in time to be used in production, without excess inventory buildup. An example of JIT purchasing would be a car manufacturer ordering parts from a supplier only when they are needed for production.
4. Contract Purchasing
Contract purchasing is a purchasing method in which a business enters into a long-term agreement with a supplier for a specific product or service. The contract typically includes terms such as pricing, delivery schedules, and quality standards. Contract purchasing is often used for large purchases or purchases of critical items. An example of contract purchasing would be a hospital entering into a long-term agreement with a medical supply company for the purchase of medical equipment and supplies.
5. Reverse Auction Purchasing
Reverse auction purchasing is a purchasing method in which a business invites multiple suppliers to compete against each other in an auction-style bidding process. The supplier with the lowest bid is typically awarded the contract. Reverse auction purchasing is often used for purchases of commodity items or items that are readily available from multiple suppliers. An example of reverse auction purchasing would be a construction company using an online platform to solicit bids from multiple suppliers for the purchase of steel beams.
In conclusion, understanding the different types of purchasing methods can help a business make informed decisions when purchasing goods and services. By selecting the right purchasing method, a business can reduce costs, increase efficiency, and improve the overall performance of the organization.
Q.3. (a) What is first aid? Give some do’s and don’ts while handling deep cut injury.
First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or taken ill. The goal of first aid is to provide assistance until professional medical help can be obtained. In the case of a deep cut injury, proper first aid can help prevent infection, minimize blood loss, and promote healing. Here are some do’s and don’ts for handling deep cut injuries:
Do’s:
- Clean the wound: Rinse the wound under running water to remove any dirt or debris.
- Apply pressure: Apply pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage to help stop bleeding.
- Elevate the wound: If possible, elevate the injured area above the level of the heart to help reduce bleeding.
- Apply a sterile dressing: Cover the wound with a sterile dressing to help prevent infection.
- Seek medical attention: Seek medical attention if the wound is deep, long, or gaping, or if it does not stop bleeding.
Don’ts:
- Do not apply hydrogen peroxide or alcohol: Avoid using hydrogen peroxide or alcohol to clean the wound, as this can damage the surrounding tissue and delay healing.
- Do not touch the wound with dirty hands: Avoid touching the wound with dirty hands, as this can introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection.
- Do not remove large objects: If there is an object, such as a piece of glass or metal, embedded in the wound, do not remove it yourself. Leave it in place and seek medical attention.
- Do not apply ointments or creams: Avoid applying ointments or creams to the wound, as these can interfere with the healing process and increase the risk of infection.
- Do not use dirty or non-sterile materials: Avoid using dirty or non-sterile materials to dress the wound, as this can introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection.
In conclusion, proper first aid for deep cut injuries can help minimize blood loss, prevent infection, and promote healing. By following the do’s and don’ts of first aid for deep cut injuries, you can help ensure that the injured person receives the best possible care until professional medical help can be obtained.
(b) Water conservation is important in hotels. Justify this statement by giving examples of some water conservation practices.
Water conservation is a critical issue for hotels, as water is a vital resource that is necessary for the operations of the hotel and for the well-being of the environment. Water conservation is important for hotels to minimize water consumption, reduce costs, and preserve the environment. Here are some reasons why water conservation is important in hotels, along with examples of water conservation practices:
Importance of Water Conservation in Hotels:
- Cost savings: Water conservation practices can help hotels save money on their water bills, as well as on energy costs associated with heating and pumping water.
- Environmental preservation: Water conservation practices can help hotels reduce their environmental impact by preserving natural resources and reducing water pollution.
- Improved guest experience: Water conservation practices can enhance the guest experience by demonstrating the hotel’s commitment to sustainability and responsible resource management.
Examples of Water Conservation Practices:
- Low-flow fixtures: Installing low-flow showerheads, toilets, and faucets can significantly reduce water consumption in the hotel. Low-flow fixtures can reduce water usage by up to 60%.
- Water reuse: Reusing water can significantly reduce the amount of water that is consumed in the hotel. For example, using recycled water for irrigation or toilet flushing can help reduce water usage.
- Leak detection: Regularly checking for leaks in the hotel’s plumbing system can help prevent wasted water and costly repairs. A single leaky toilet can waste up to 200 gallons of water per day.
- Linen and towel reuse program: Encouraging guests to reuse their towels and linens can significantly reduce water usage in the hotel. By washing towels and linens less frequently, hotels can save thousands of gallons of water each year.
- Landscaping practices: Implementing sustainable landscaping practices, such as using drought-resistant plants and installing rain sensors on irrigation systems, can significantly reduce water usage in the hotel.
- Water-efficient dishwashing: Using water-efficient dishwashers and pre-rinsing dishes in a sink instead of under running water can help reduce water usage in the hotel’s kitchen.
In conclusion, water conservation is an important issue for hotels to consider. By implementing water conservation practices, hotels can reduce their environmental impact, save money, and enhance the guest experience. It is important for hotels to take an active role in promoting water conservation and sustainable resource management.
Q.4. Hospitals also need to have effective housekeeping operations. Keeping in mind hospital cleaning, suggest basic concepts for following
(a) Sanitation (b) Waste disposal (c) Odour control (d) Pest control
Effective housekeeping operations are critical for hospitals, as they help maintain a safe and healthy environment for patients, visitors, and staff. Here are some basic concepts for effective housekeeping in hospitals, including sanitation, waste disposal, odour control, and pest control:
(a) Sanitation
Sanitation is the process of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment in the hospital. Some basic concepts for effective sanitation in hospitals include:
- Regular cleaning: Regular cleaning of hospital surfaces and equipment is critical to prevent the spread of germs and infections.
- Proper disinfection: Disinfecting high-touch surfaces, such as door handles and light switches, can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
- Hand hygiene: Encouraging hand hygiene among staff, patients, and visitors can help prevent the spread of germs and infections.
(b) Waste Disposal
Waste disposal is the process of removing and disposing of waste materials from the hospital. Some basic concepts for effective waste disposal in hospitals include:
- Segregation of waste: Proper segregation of waste materials can help ensure that hazardous waste is properly disposed of and that recyclable materials are recycled.
- Proper handling and storage: Proper handling and storage of waste materials can help prevent the spread of infections and minimize the risk of accidents.
- Safe disposal: Safe disposal of hazardous waste materials, such as sharps and chemicals, is critical to prevent environmental contamination and protect public health.
(c) Odour Control
Odour control is the process of managing unpleasant odours in the hospital environment. Some basic concepts for effective odour control in hospitals include:
- Proper ventilation: Proper ventilation can help remove odours and improve air quality in the hospital.
- Use of air fresheners: Use of air fresheners can help mask unpleasant odours, but care should be taken to avoid overpowering scents that may trigger allergic reactions or cause discomfort to patients.
- Regular cleaning: Regular cleaning of surfaces and equipment can help remove odour-causing bacteria and prevent the buildup of unpleasant odours.
(d) Pest Control
Pest control is the process of managing pests in the hospital environment. Some basic concepts for effective pest control in hospitals include:
- Regular inspections: Regular inspections can help identify pest problems before they become significant.
- Proper storage of food and waste: Proper storage of food and waste materials can help prevent pests from finding a food source in the hospital.
- Use of pest control products: Use of pest control products, such as traps and baits, can help eliminate pests while minimizing risks to human health.
In conclusion, effective housekeeping operations are critical for maintaining a safe and healthy environment in hospitals. By following basic concepts for sanitation, waste disposal, odour control, and pest control, hospitals can help prevent the spread of infections, protect public health, and enhance the patient experience. It is important for hospitals to take an active role in promoting effective housekeeping practices and maintaining a high standard of cleanliness and hygiene.
Q.5. What are the guidelines for hiring contract services for the following? (a) Pest control (b) Laundry outsourcing
Hiring contract services for pest control and laundry outsourcing can be a cost-effective and efficient way for businesses to manage their operations. However, it is important to follow guidelines when hiring these types of services to ensure that they are effective and meet the needs of the business. Here are some guidelines for hiring contract services for pest control and laundry outsourcing:
(a) Pest Control
- Research the contractor: Conduct research on potential contractors to ensure that they are licensed, insured, and have a good reputation in the industry.
- Check for certifications: Ensure that the contractor has the necessary certifications and training to provide effective pest control services.
- Evaluate the proposed treatment plan: Ask the contractor to provide a detailed treatment plan, including the types of products that will be used and their potential side effects.
- Review the contract carefully: Review the contract carefully to ensure that it includes all necessary information, such as the scope of services, the duration of the contract, and the cost of services.
- Follow up regularly: Regularly follow up with the contractor to ensure that the treatment plan is effective and that pests are being properly controlled.
(b) Laundry Outsourcing
- Research potential contractors: Conduct research on potential laundry outsourcing contractors to ensure that they have experience in the industry and a good reputation for quality service.
- Evaluate pricing: Compare pricing among potential contractors to ensure that the cost of services is reasonable and competitive.
- Review the contract carefully: Review the contract carefully to ensure that it includes all necessary information, such as the scope of services, the duration of the contract, and the cost of services.
- Evaluate the quality of services: Conduct regular evaluations of the quality of services provided by the contractor to ensure that they meet the needs of the business.
- Ensure compliance with regulations: Ensure that the contractor is complying with all relevant regulations, such as environmental regulations and labor laws.
In conclusion, hiring contract services for pest control and laundry outsourcing can be a cost-effective and efficient way for businesses to manage their operations. By following these guidelines, businesses can ensure that they are hiring the right contractor for their needs and that they are receiving high-quality services. It is important for businesses to take an active role in managing their contracts and ensuring that they are meeting their needs and expectations.
Q.6. Plan a 4 days off-the-job training program for a 30 years old 5-star resort involving 15 housekeeping operational employees average age 45 years, having overall experience of 20 years in same hotel. Mention slot-wise topic covered by various trainers and training methods to be applied.
4-Day Off-the-Job Training Program for Housekeeping Operational Employees in a 5-Star Resort
Day 1: Trainer: Expert in Housekeeping Operations
- 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM: Introduction to housekeeping best practices and procedures
- 10:45 AM – 12:00 PM: Demonstration of cleaning techniques and use of cleaning equipment
- 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM: Discussion on maintaining high standards of hygiene and cleanliness
- 2:45 PM – 4:00 PM: Q&A and feedback session
Training Method: Lecture, Demonstration, Q&A, Feedback
Day 2: Trainer: Professional Trainer
- 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM: Communication and teamwork
- 10:45 AM – 12:00 PM: Time management and prioritization
- 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM: Problem-solving and decision-making
- 2:45 PM – 4:00 PM: Q&A and feedback session
Training Method: Interactive Lecture, Group Discussions, Role Play, Case Studies, Q&A, Feedback
Day 3: Trainer: Safety Expert
- 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM: Introduction to safety procedures and protocols
- 10:45 AM – 12:00 PM: Hazard recognition and control
- 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM: Personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper handling of hazardous materials
- 2:45 PM – 4:00 PM: Q&A and feedback session
Training Method: Lecture, Interactive Discussion, Demonstration, Q&A, Feedback
Day 4: Trainer: Soft Skills Expert
- 9:00 AM – 10:30 AM: Effective communication and customer service
- 10:45 AM – 12:00 PM: Conflict resolution and stress management
- 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM: Cultural awareness and diversity in the workplace
- 2:45 PM – 4:00 PM: Q&A and feedback session
Training Method: Interactive Lecture, Group Discussions, Role Play, Case Studies, Q&A, Feedback
In conclusion, this 4-day off-the-job training program for housekeeping operational employees in a 5-star resort is designed to enhance their knowledge and skills in various areas, including housekeeping best practices, communication and teamwork, safety, and soft skills. The training will be conducted by a team of experts in their respective fields, using a variety of training methods to keep the employees engaged and interactive. This program will help improve the overall quality of the housekeeping services, as well as the employee’s job satisfaction and morale.
Q.7. By providing thumb rules for determining staff strength of a 5-star business hotel, plan a weekly duty roaster (excluding management team), keeping in mind – 360 guest rooms, 5 floors, 9 outlets, 15 public area washrooms and usual back of the house areas.
When determining staff strength for a 5-star business hotel, there are several thumb rules that can be used as a starting point. Here are some of the common rules that can be used:
- Housekeeping Staff: 1 staff member per 10 guest rooms, plus 2.5% of the total number of rooms for public area cleaning.
- Food and Beverage Staff: 1 staff member per 10 guests, plus 2.5% of the total number of seats in the restaurant.
- Front Desk Staff: 1 staff member per 30 guest rooms, plus an additional staff member for every 500 square feet of public space.
- Maintenance Staff: 1 staff member per 50 guest rooms.
- Security Staff: 1 security staff member per 100 guest rooms, plus an additional staff member for every 50,000 square feet of public space.
Using these thumb rules, we can estimate the required staff strength for a 5-star business hotel with 360 guest rooms, 5 floors, 9 outlets, 15 public area washrooms, and usual back of the house areas.
Based on the above thumb rules, we can estimate the following staff strength:
- Housekeeping Staff: 36 (360 guest rooms ÷ 10) + 9 (2.5% of 360 rooms) = 45
- Food and Beverage Staff: 36 (360 guests ÷ 10) + 47 (2.5% of 1880 seats in 9 outlets) = 83
- Front Desk Staff: 12 (360 guest rooms ÷ 30) + 9 (additional staff member for 45,000 square feet of public space) = 21
- Maintenance Staff: 7 (360 guest rooms ÷ 50) = 7
- Security Staff: 4 (360 guest rooms ÷ 100) + 7 (additional staff member for 350,000 square feet of public space) = 11
Weekly Duty Roster
Using the above staff strength estimates, we can plan a weekly duty roster for non-management staff. Here is an example of a possible duty roster:
Housekeeping Staff (45)
- Sunday: 7 staff members
- Monday: 7 staff members
- Tuesday: 7 staff members
- Wednesday: 7 staff members
- Thursday: 7 staff members
- Friday: 7 staff members
- Saturday: 3 staff members
Food and Beverage Staff (83)
- Sunday: 15 staff members
- Monday: 13 staff members
- Tuesday: 13 staff members
- Wednesday: 13 staff members
- Thursday: 13 staff members
- Friday: 15 staff members
- Saturday: 11 staff members
Front Desk Staff (21)
- Sunday: 4 staff members
- Monday: 3 staff members
- Tuesday: 3 staff members
- Wednesday: 3 staff members
- Thursday: 3 staff members
- Friday: 3 staff members
- Saturday: 2 staff members
Maintenance Staff (7)
- Sunday: 1 staff member
- Monday: 1 staff member
- Tuesday: 1 staff member
- Wednesday: 1 staff member
- Thursday: 1 staff member
- Friday: 1 staff member
- Saturday: 1 staff member
Security Staff (11)
- Sunday: 2 staff members
- Monday: 2 staff members
- Tuesday: 2 staff members
- Wednesday: 2 staff members
- Thursday: 2 staff members
- Friday: 1 staff member
- Saturday: 0 staff members (shifts can be adjusted to account for lower demand on weekends)
This is just one example of a possible duty roster, and the actual scheduling may vary based on the specific needs of the hotel and the availability of staff members. It is important to ensure that the duty roster covers all necessary areas of the hotel and that there is adequate coverage for high-demand periods.
In conclusion, using thumb rules for determining staff strength, we can estimate the required staff for a 5-star business hotel with 360 guest rooms, 5 floors, 9 outlets, 15 public area washrooms, and usual back of the house areas. Based on these estimates, a weekly duty roster can be planned to ensure adequate coverage of all areas of the hotel. Proper staffing is critical to the smooth operation of a hotel and the satisfaction of guests.
Q.8. Briefly justify the following:
(a) Cost per occupied room is the guiding factor in planning budget.
Cost per occupied room is the guiding factor in planning budget because it allows hotels to focus on the most important revenue-generating aspect of the business. By calculating the cost per occupied room, hotel managers can understand the profitability of each room and make data-driven decisions about pricing, staffing, and other operational expenses. By monitoring the cost per occupied room, hotels can adjust their budgets accordingly and ensure that they are maximizing revenue and minimizing costs.
(b) Effective leadership is all about vision and ability to make good decisions.
Effective leadership is all about vision and the ability to make good decisions because it provides direction for the entire organization. A leader with a clear vision can inspire and motivate their team to achieve the organization’s goals. Additionally, a leader who is able to make good decisions can lead their team to success by analyzing data, weighing options, and choosing the best course of action. Effective leadership can improve employee engagement, boost productivity, and create a positive work environment.
(c) Teamwork is important in housekeeping operations.
Teamwork is important in housekeeping operations because it ensures that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. By working together, housekeeping staff can divide tasks and utilize each other’s strengths to complete work more quickly. Additionally, working in teams can improve communication, morale, and job satisfaction, which can improve the overall quality of the housekeeping services. Housekeeping staff must work together to maintain high standards of cleanliness, hygiene, and safety in the hotel, and teamwork is essential for achieving this.
(d) Operating budget is a tool for controlling expenses in the housekeeping department.
The operating budget is a tool for controlling expenses in the housekeeping department because it provides a detailed plan for how resources will be used. By setting specific goals and allocating resources accordingly, the operating budget can ensure that the housekeeping department stays within its financial limitations. By monitoring actual expenses against the budget, the department can identify areas where expenses are exceeding expectations and take corrective action to bring them in line with the budget. The operating budget is an important tool for managing expenses, improving efficiency, and maximizing profitability.
OR Briefly elaborate the following:
(a) On the job training
On-the-job training is a form of training where an employee learns job skills and knowledge while working in their actual job setting. This type of training is often used for technical skills and job-specific knowledge, and it provides hands-on learning opportunities that can help employees become proficient in their job. On-the-job training can include shadowing experienced employees, job rotations, coaching, and other methods. This type of training is often more cost-effective than off-the-job training, and it can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the employee and the organization.
(b) Stock taking
Stock taking is the process of physically counting and recording the inventory levels of products or materials in a business. This process is typically conducted at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly, and it helps businesses to ensure that their inventory levels are accurate and up-to-date. Stock taking can help businesses to identify discrepancies between the recorded inventory levels and the actual inventory levels, which can help to prevent stockouts, overstocking, and other inventory-related issues. By conducting regular stock taking, businesses can improve their inventory management processes, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction.
(c) Income statement
An income statement is a financial statement that summarizes the revenues, expenses, and net income or loss of a business over a specific period of time, usually a month or a year. The income statement provides important information about the financial performance of the business and is used by investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to evaluate the profitability and financial health of the business. The income statement includes revenues, such as sales or services rendered, and expenses, such as salaries, rent, and cost of goods sold. By analyzing the income statement, businesses can identify areas where they can reduce expenses, increase revenues, and improve profitability.
(d) Productivity standard
A productivity standard is a benchmark that is used to measure the output of a specific process or task. Productivity standards are often used in manufacturing, logistics, and other industries where output is easily measurable. The productivity standard can be expressed in different units, such as units produced per hour or units produced per labor hour. By setting a productivity standard, businesses can measure the performance of their employees and identify areas where they can improve productivity. Productivity standards can also be used to set goals for employees and provide incentives for meeting or exceeding those goals. By improving productivity, businesses can reduce costs, increase output, and improve profitability.
(a) Greenhouse effect (i) Operating budget
(b) Workshop training (ii) One to one
(c) Auction buying (iii) Fredrick W. Taylor
(d) Time study (iv) Antiques and paintings
(e) Roaster (v) Carbon dioxide
(f) Ergonomics (vi) Indent
(g) Salary, wages and benefits (vii) Working environment
(h) Coach – pupil method (viii) Supervisory level
(i) Performance standard (ix) Staff scheduling
(j) Requisition (x) Quality of work
Answers
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (a) Greenhouse effect | (v) Carbon dioxide |
| (b) Workshop training | (ii) One to one |
| (c) Auction buying | (iv) Antiques and paintings |
| (d) Time study | (iii) Frederick W. Taylor |
| (e) Roaster | (ix) Staff scheduling |
| (f) Ergonomics | (vii) Working environment |
| (g) Salary, wages and benefits | (i) Operating budget |
| (h) Coach-pupil method | (viii) Supervisory level |
| (i) Performance standard | (x) Quality of work |
| (j) Requisition | (vi) Indent |
Q.10. A Define the following in one sentence:
(i) Scald (ii) Tight schedule (iii) Mentoring (iv) SOP (v) FFE
(i) Scald: An injury caused by exposure to hot liquid or steam.
(ii) Tight schedule: A schedule with very little or no room for delays or changes.
(iii) Mentoring: A process of guiding and coaching a less experienced employee by a more experienced employee.
(iv) SOP: A set of written instructions that describe how to perform a specific task or activity.
(v) FFE: Furniture, fixtures, and equipment, which are movable items in a hotel that are not part of the building structure.
B Fill in the blanks:
(i) The Ecotel implements the 3 R’s – Reduce, ___________, recycle in their day to day operation.
(ii) __________ fuel is formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
(iii) __________ training is virtual medium through which various types of skills can be acquired.
(iv) __________ leadership is also known as authoritarian leadership.
(v) __________ time is period between indenting and item available for use.
Answers
(i) The Ecotel implements the 3 R’s – Reduce, reuse, recycle in their day to day operation.
(ii) Fossil fuel is formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
(iii) Online training is virtual medium through which various types of skills can be acquired.
(iv) Autocratic leadership is also known as authoritarian leadership.
(v) Lead time is period between indenting and item available for use.